Computer Science

 Difference between SRAM and DRAM? What is SRAM? SRAM is a type of semiconductor memory that uses bustable leaching circuit to store each bit. This type of RAM stores data using six transistor memory cells. Static RAM is mostly used as cache memory for the processor (CPU). What is DRAM? It is a type of RAM that allows you to store every bit of data in a separate capacitor within a specific integrated circuit.This is the standard computer memory of any modern desktop computer. The full form of DRAM is Dynamic Random Access Memory. Difference between SRAM and DRAM:                                                                               DRAM DRAM has a higher access time. It is slower than SRAM.  DRAM cost is lesser compared to SRAM. DRAM requires more power consumption as the infor...

   What is RAM? RAM stands for Random Access Memory. Practically all computers now Or they rely on memory to perform all their functions. It becomes without RAM. It is impossible to go far after the PC is turned on. Software Applications installed on a computer are largely dependent on RAM. it is Responsible for keeping data while any application is running. Once The application is closed without saving, data is lost.RAM is short for "Random Access Memory" and although it may seem mysterious, RAM is one of the most basic elements of computing. RAM is the fastest and temporary data storage space that a computer needs to access right now or in the next few moments. The difference between Ram and Sam RAM is considered "random access" because it can access any memory cell. This is done directly if the intersection of rows and columns is well known. On the contrary RAM is Serial Access Memory (SAM). SAM stores data as a series of memory cells. Which can only be accessed ...

 Explain what is memory? Memory is just like the human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory. The storage space in the computer where the data is to be processed and the instructions are required. Processing is stored. Memory is divided into a large number of small parts called cells. each one Location or cell has a unique address that varies from zero to memory size minus one. of the For example, if a computer has 64k words, then this memory unit has 64 * 1024 = 65536 memory. Locations The address of these locations varies from 0 to 65535. What are the types of memory? There are basically three types of memory. Cache memory Primary memory / Main memory Secondary memory What is Cache memory? Cache memory is a very fast semiconductor memory that can speed up the CPU. It works as one. Buffer between CPU and main memory. It is used to store data and these parts of the program. Which are often used by the CPU. Data and program parts are transferred from disk...

What is Memory explain its types? Memory is the process of taking information from the world around us, acting on it, storing it and later remembering that information, sometimes many years later. Human memory is often compared to a computer memory system or filing cabinet.                                                                      OR Memory is just like the human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory. The storage space in the computer where the data is to be processed and the instructions are required. Processing is stored. Memory is divided into a large number of small parts called cells. each one Location or cell has a unique address that varies from zero to memory size minus one. of the For example, if a computer has 64k words, then this memory unit has 64 * 1024 = 65536 me...

 What are the basic Application of Computer? The use of computers is increasing at such a rate that there is hardly any sector where there are no computers. The following is a list of some of the computer applications used. 1.To prepare documents and perform other data processing tasks in offices and homes. 2. Preparation of pay slips and pay checks in offices and factories. 3. To maintain bank accounts and transfer funds. 4. Collecting and retrieving large amounts of information in offices. 5. Sending and receiving electronic mail / fax. 6. Searching and retrieving information from other computers. 7. To reserve tickets in transport sectors, such as railways, airlines, etc. 8. Regulating traffic lights on roads and controlling machines and robots in factories. 9. Designing vehicles, buildings and dams and forecasting the weather. 10. Making animation / cartoon movies and composing music. 11. To control modern automobiles, trains, airplanes etc.  12. To control electronic appl...

 What is world wide web? The World Wide Web is another way of describing the Internet, a network of computers that are connected and that share information and allow communication around the world. One example of the World Wide Web is the Internet.The World Wide Web was created in 1991, thanks to developer Tim Berners-Lee and others. European Laboratory for Particle Physics, also known as the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN). The CERN team developed a hypertext-based protocol that makes communication possible. Content on the web with hyperlinks. Berners-Lee now directs the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C),  A group of industry and university representatives overseeing web technology standards. Initially, the Internet was restricted to non-commercial use because of its extensive backbone. The National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.s. Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessibl...

 What is Internet?  The Internet, sometimes simply called "The Net," is a global system of computer networks" The Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through the Internet, people can share and communicate information from anywhere with an Internet connection. a network." Users on any one of these networks can access information from anyone, if they have permission. Other computers (and sometimes talk directly to users on other computers). US Department of State Defense founded the Internet about 30 years ago with a network called ARPANET. But Until the development of the World Wide Web, ordinary people did not use the Internet much. In 1957, the US government created the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).The Department of Defense is accused of working with the military to ensure American leadership in science and technology.Applications In 1969, ARPA established ARPANET, the forerunner of the Internet. ARPANET was a network ...

 What is printer? "A printer is an external output device that takes data from a computer and generates output in the form of graphics / text on a paper".   There are two types of printers.  Impact printer Non-impect printer  What is Impect printer? An impact printer makes contact with the paper. It usually forms the print image by pressing an inked ribbon against the paper using a hammer or pins. Following are some examples of impect printer.  Dot-Matrix Printers: The dot-matrix printer uses print heads containing from 9 to 24 pins. These pins produce The dot-matrix printer uses print heads containing from 9 to 24 pins. These pins produce produces more dots that a 9 pin dot-matrix printer, which results in much better quality and clearer characters. The general rule is: the more pins, the clearer the letters on the paper. The pins strike the ribbon individually as the print mechanism moves across the entire print line in both directions, i-e, from lef...

 What are non-impect printer? Non-impact printers do not use a striking device to produce characters on the paper; and because these printers do not hammer against the paper they are much quieter. Following are some non-impacted printers.  What is ink-jet printer? Ink-jet printers work in the same fashion as dot-matrix printers in the form images or characters with little dots. However, the dots are formed by tiny droplets of ink. Ink-jet printers form characters on paper by spraying ink from tiny nozzles through an electrical field that arranges the charged ink particles into characters at the rate of approximately 250 characters per second.  The ink is absorbed into the paper and dries instantly. Various colors of ink can also be used. One or more nozzles in the print head emit a steady stream of ink drops. Droplets of ink are electrically charged after leaving the nozzle. The droplets are then guided to the paper by electrically charged deflecting plates [one plate has...

 What is language translator? Any program written in high level language is known as source code. However, computers cannot understand the source code. Before running it, the source code must first be translated into a form that the computer understands. Translator is a program that converts source code into machine code. There are generally three types of translators:  compilers Interpretor Assembler What is compilers? The compiler takes the source code as a whole and translates it into machine code at once. Once converted, the object code can be run at any time without assistance. This process is called compilation. Compilers have several advantages: Compiled programs run faster, because they have been translated. A compiled program can be provided as an executable file. An executable file is a file that is ready to be executed. Because an executable file cannot be easily edited, programmers prefer to provide an executable rather than a source code.Developers improve the cod...

What are the main types of high level language? High level language: Instructions that tell the computer what to do are written in machine code. Machine code is a series of numbers written in binary. Each number represents a different direction. Programmers find it difficult to learn machine programming, programming, and debugging. As a result, the majority of programmers write programs in advanced programming languages. These languages ​​are close to the natural language - the spoken and written language of human beings. For example, Python uses the 'print', 'if', 'input' and 'while' statements - all English words - to create instructions. In fact, the instructions often look like short English sentences. The types of high level language are as follows: Python: Python is a high-level, well-defined, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes the ability to read code with the use of key indentations. Its language construction a...

 What is programming language? A programming language is any set of principles that, in the case of visual programming languages, converts the wires or graphical elements of a program into a variety of machine code outputs. Programming languages ​​are a type of computer language and are used to implement algorithms in computer programming. Types of programming language? Three are two types of programming languages, High level language Low level language What is high level language? The term "High Level Language" (HLL) refers to computer programming languages ​​that allow the use of symbolic operators not only to represent symbolic actions and names to represent data and data structures, but also to express syntax and Are also formed with terms.It is human understandable language.For example Python, Visual Basic, Delphi, Perl, PHP, ECMAScript, Ruby, C#, Java and many others What is low level language? Low level programming language is a programming language that provides littl...

 Describe the fifth Generation of computer? Artificial intelligence is the name of the fifth as well as the latest generation of computers based on ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology is the process of integrating or embedding millions of transistors on a single silicon microchip. Computing in the 5th computer generation is versatile made portable, powerful, lightweight, innovative, comfortable with low electricity consumption. Because of the Internet’s advantages, it extended its limits of use to limits never before suspected. The main objective of the latest fifth-generation computing and effort made by computer researchers is to make them smart by incorporating Artificial Intelligence so as to develop devices that respond to the input of natural language and are capable of learning and self-organizing even in 2021 it is under development.Computers of the fifth generation are being made to think like us. For which continuous advancement of technologies like Artificial...

What is Generation? The development of electronic computing is called Generation.There are Five Generations of computer available,and the sisth Generation of computer can be developed in the 21st century. First Generation: The First Generation is based on vacuum tube technology. It was used for storage and control and calculation. It was invented by John Embrose in 1904.The first Generation computer can understand the lowerest computer language.These computer can solve only problem at one time.The Megnatic drums was used in these computer for storage, which worked very slow.The advantage of these computers is that they can  calculate in milliseconds (about five thousand sums per second.The disadvantage of these computer is that they are Lage in size and heavy in weight.Vaccume tubes are used in these computer which produces a large amount of heat.these computer use in different fields like weather forecasting, solving mathematical problems, energy tasks, also in space research, mil...

 Types of output:- What is hard copy? A hard copy (or "hard copy") is a printed copy of information from a computer. Sometimes referred to as a printout, a so-called hard copy because it exists as a physical object. The same information that is seen on a computer display or sent as an email attachment, is sometimes called a soft copy.For example Examples of hard copy include teleprinter pages, continuously printed tapes, computer printouts, and radio photo prints. On the other hand, physical objects such as magnetic tape discs, or unprinted punched paper tapes are not described as hard copy by 1037C. What is softcopy? A soft copy (sometimes spelled "softcopy") is an electronic copy of some kind of data, such as a file viewed on a computer display or transmitted as an email attachment. Such material, when printed, is called hard copy. It was last updated in May 2010.                         OR Soft copy is a digital re...

 What are the basic types of computer? There are four basic types of computer which are as follows: Micro Computer Midrange Computer Mainframe Computer Super Computer What are Micro Computer? Micro Computer are also called personal computer.A personal computer is a computer that can perform all it's activities by itself.These activities includes Input, output, processing and storage activities. These computer were introduced in 1981.Most commonly used in small offices or at home. A personal computer contain only one processor two or more Input, output and storage devices. What are super computer? A supercomputer is a computer with a higher level of performance than a general purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is usually measured in floating point operations per second, rather than millions of instructions per second. As of 2017, there are supercomputers that can perform more than 10¹⁷ FLOPS. What is mini computer? A mini computer, a computer that was smaller, less...

 What are input devices? In computing, an input device is a piece of equipment that is used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system, such as a computer or information device. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones.                                  OR An input device is a term for a physical piece of hardware that connects to a basic device, such as a computer, to provide input to the user. Input devices are generally a class of peripheral devices connected to the primary device. Top examples include: Keyboards. What is keyboard? A computer keyboard is an input device modeled after a typewriter keyboard that uses a set of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. There are two layouts of keyboard available QWERTY or non QWERTY. What is mouse? Mouse is also an Input device.A mouse is a...

    How many components are in computer? There are four basic components of computer Hardware Software Data User What is Hardware?  The physical parts of a computer called Hardware. such as the case, central processing unit, random access memory, monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.  What is software?  Set of  instructions that tell a  computer what to do, and how to do.  Software comprises the entire set of programs, procedures, and routines associated with the operation of a computer system.  What is Data? Collection of raw facts and figures called Data. Data requires interpretation to become information.  What is User? User is a person who utilizes a computer or network service. 

  What is input? In  computer  meaning of input is to provide or give something to the computer, Or when a computer or device is receiving a command or signal from user, the event is referred to as input to the device.                                   OR Set of instructions that tell the computer what to do, how to do Called Input. For Example  Text you type into your computer  is the  example of input. What is output? Data processed by computer is called output.                                    OR Any information processed  a computer or other electronic device is called output. An example of output is  anything viewed on the computer monitor screen, such as the words you type on your keyboard .

 History of computer:- Napier’s Bones • Invented by John Napier in  1614. • Allowed the operator to  multiply, divide and  calculate square and cube  roots by moving the rods  around and placing them in  specially constructed boards.  Slide Rule  • Invented by William Oughtred  in 1622. • Is based on Napier's ideas  about logarithms. • Used primarily for – multiplication – division – roots – logarithms – Trigonometry • Not normally used for addition or subtraction.  William Oughtred ENIAC • ENIAC stands for Electronic  Numerical Integrator and  Computer. • It was the first electronic general￾purpose computer. • Completed in 1946. • Developed by John Presper  Eckert and John W. Mauchl.  UNIVAC 1 • The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1)  was the first commercial computer. • Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John  Mauchly. Charles Babbage , a British mechanical engineer and Polymeth, came up wi...